On Tuesday the 16th October we went to the Kaaitheatre in Brussels to attend the adaptation of the play Romeo and Juliet. This was performed by Nature Theatre of Oklahoma from New York. The play is a succession of monologues performed by two actors: Anne Gridley and Robert M. Johanson. In turn they try to reconstruct the original Shakespearian story of Romeo and Juliet, which totally confuses them. They mix this story with other elements: other Shakespearian plays, nowadays events, movies, and so on. The second part consists in dialogues between the two actors and is about the relation between the actors and their public. The play ends with the famous scene of the balcony in total darkness.

Here are our meanings concerning the play:

Romeo and Juliet… Everybody knows that story written by Shakespeare. However I am not sure that someone has already left a performance of the play being more confused about the story than ever. And thoughit happens since I was confused when I left the Kaaitheater. The actors are indeed getting so confused about family names, who loves whom, who dies, that the spectators are themselves confused. Apart from that I find the play quite good. The first part was the most captivating and sometimes funny. In the second part I had a greater feeling of being bored in the sense that it was a repetition of the first part. Though it is worthy to note that the end and the final sentences were creative. Moreover it brings a message not only to us, spectators of Shakespearian plays, but also to nowadays plays, films makers and writers. To know the kind of message it is just check if the New Yorkian troupe comes back in Belgium.

Hélène Vancompernolle

As far as my point of view is concerned, I felt a bit disappointed about this theatre performance. It was quite boring since only two actors were performing each one on his/her turn. Moreover their monologues often repeated each other and no effort concerning the set was to be found. It was quite plain. The only thing which could catch the eye of the spectator was humor. They indeed interpreted the story in a particular way, leading to laughter in the audience. Another humorous element was the appearance of a dancing chicken between all these monologues. Even if the scenario was quite boring, the performance of the actors was excellent. Their articulation as well as their body language were remarkable. In conclusion, the theatre performance’s form was quite bad compared with its content.

Elodie Coene

This play was not as good as I expected. Here are some reasons to explain my point of view.
First, I was disappointed because it was very far away from the traditional Shakespearian story of ‘Romeo and Juliet’. It was absolutely not like the real play, but more like a joke about it and I really did not appreciate that.
Second, what I found even more irritating is that at the end of the first part of the play we do not remember what actually happened to Romeo and Juliet. Did Romeo drink poison or was it Juliet? Did Juliet die by stabbing herself or was it her beloved Romeo?
Third, at the end of the play, the actors began to speak about the relationship between them and their public. Yet, there is absolutely no link with what they were telling before.
These are the reasons why I did not like this adaptation. However there are also positive things concerning the play. Like the fact that both actors were really good: they have a perfect pronunciation (thanks to the fact that they are native speakers) and their eloquence is amazing. And last bu not least, there was a very funny dancing-chicken.
To conclude, I did not appreciate the play but the actors should persevere and find another style because they are really great.

Marie-Eve Vandoorne

I am not very enthusiastic about the play we saw in Brussels. It is true that the actors’ performance was impressive but the story in itself was really hard to understand. It was impossible for me to enter the play because it consisted in little sequences with one actor each time and when they come together in the second part I did not see the point of their conversation. Hesitation markers were really boring, I had the feeling that the different sequences were all the same. At the end of the play I felt really frustrated, it was quite impossible to remember the events and the end of the original version of Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare. The funniest was when a third actor appeared between two parts with a chicken costume. He began to move his body as if he was dancing on rock music. I was really bored after the three first monologues and did not follow the rest with much attention. Perhaps the talent of the actors can be more emphasised on another context, but I am not interested in seeing them once again.

Céline Piette

The best-known Shakespearean play revisited by the Nature Theatre of Oklahoma was quite surprising: two actors speaking in turn (but not reciting the original play), very simple decors and costumes, a human-sized chicken coming from nowhere just to dance and a scene of the play recited in total darkness. Interesting, no? I must admit that I quite liked this adaptation which had nothing to do with “Romeo and Juliet” as such. In their try to remember the whole story of the lovers of Verona, the two people do not hesitate to refer back to events of nowadays’ everyday life of even to movies. The funny in it was all the confusions it could bring about in their mind. I found the actor’s plays very awesome: recall so many different versions of their “memories” must not be a piece of cake! And you, as a spectator, are also confused in the end! You almost forget the true end of “Romeo and Juliet”… Did they use a knife, or poison, or both? Who died first? Very good confusing job, anyway!
To me, though, these confusing memories of the actual story contained too many “I think”, “I am not sure”, “It could be”,… so that it was boring. The monologues were too numerous too. What did the chicken do in that play? I still do not understand her (yes, it was a woman in the costume) utility… Never mind. I would like to give my last negative point to the end of the play. Why speaking of the relation between the actor and his public like that and after such a representation?
Nevertheless, we got five minutes of “real” Shakespeare in the very end. I found the balcony scene recited in total darkness very intense and full of love… Brilliant!

Louise Chandaras

This play was an original manner to retell the mythic story of Romeo and Juliet. After all, it is true that lots of people tend to mix up the different characters and events of this well-known Shakespearian play. The actors were good, they managed well to catch the audience’s attention. However, they presented so many versions of the story that I finally got completely confused myself! Roll on Mr Delabastita’s course on Romeo and Juliet to put all of this in order! J
Except from this confusing effect, the repetition of the story in different versions was also a bit repetitive.
One thing still remains unexplained: the presence of the big chicken waddling on the scene from time to time…Maybe this funny character was meant to amuse the public in order to break the repetitive rhythm of the play…
If I had to mark the play I would give 6/10: nice but a bit repetitive.

Marie Marchand

In my view, this play was unusual but nice. Everybody knows indeed Shakespeare's masterpiece "Romeo and Juliet". So it was great to see a new adaption of that story.
This adaption was also fun in the sense that it made us confused by the wrong memories that the two characters had of the play. I was wondering if I really knew this play! The first question that we asked to each other just after the play was "How does in fact Juliet die?". The play was however a bit repetitive and strange. I didn't get the whole sense of it. The dancing chicken and the dialogues about the relationship between the actors and the public were absurd. But it was a nice evening and a good exercise for our listening comprehension!

Catherine Lanthier

Romeo and Juliet

Are you looking for something nice in English? If your answer is affirmative then read further!

The Theater of Oklahoma presents in the Kaaitheater its version of the best known dramatic play of Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet. Don’t worry, it isn't a long and tiring version! Characters are asking to tell the story of Romeo and Juliet with their own words. But they do not have the same memories so that new plots and even characters are invented.

The play takes place on 16th and 18th October at 20.30 in the Kaaitheater in Brussel. It's possible to book your ticket on the website of the theater. Three of us are already planning to go on 16th. If you want to join us, don't hesitate!

Jeremy Clarkson: politically incorrect and nonconformist

(Since there has not been much activity on this blog for a very long time, I thought it was now high time I wrote a special blog entry on one of Britain’s cultural icons, Jeremy Clarkson. Unlike other blog entries, this one is more than 500 words long, but after all this is precisely a special blog entry.)

Jeremy Clarkson was born on 11 April 1960 in Doncaster, England. Thanks to good sales of Paddington Bears (stuffed toys) his parents were able to send him to Repton, a public school. As a turbulent teenager, Clarkson was expelled because of his disrespect for rules, noticeably for smoking and drinking. Later he first worked as a travelling salesman for his parent’s business, but soon decided to make a living by writing articles in local newspapers. Afterwards he created the Motoring Press Agency, which was specialised in conducting road tests.

In October 1988 Clarkson joined the TV motoring programme Top Gear, which he presented until February 2000 – this was the programme’s original format. After a brief interruption the show was relaunched from 2002 onwards, but some things were changed to enhance the programme and give it a more entertaining aspect: it is now shot in a studio, and Clarkson is helped by co-presenters: Richard "Hamster" Hammond and James "Captain Slow" May. Another big change was that each week a guest is invited for a chat and for testing a reasonably-priced car on a special track. Their lap time is recorded and a kept on a board. Past hosts include Ellen MacArthur, Sir Michael Gambon, Patrick Stewart and Stephen Fry.



Top Gear is now the most-watched TV show on BBC Two and it is rebroadcast in dozens of countries. The programme's success is due notably to Clarkson’s rather criticising style, his cynical approach and his outspoken views about a wide range of controversial subjects (e.g.g. the London congestion charge). Jeremy Clarkson is (in)famous for his disregard for environment and for 'killing' numerous 'hateful cars', which means that he regularly destroys all sorts of low performance vehicles. For instance he shot on a Yugo 45 with a tank canon, he organised a crash test between a locomotive and a Renault Espace at a level crossing and he split a Lada 2105 in two:



Here is a compilation of the most impressive destruction clips by Clarkson:



For the record, only one car managed not to be 'killed' by Clarkson: the Toyota Hilux, dubbed 'the world's toughest vehicle'. (Watch parts 1, 2 and 3 of the programme to witness this motoring miracle.) The car is now kept as a museum artifact on a plinth in the Top Gear studio.

Each week, Clarkson and his ‘goons’ test vehicles ranging from the reasonably-priced (e.g. the Volkswagen Fox) cars to expensive supercars (e.g. the world's fastest and most expensive car, the Bugatti Veyron), as well as peculiar cars (e.g. the Peel P50, the world's smallest car – Clarkson, who is 6,5 feet tall, could even fit in it). From time to time he challenges Hammond and/or May on an 'epic race': basically the latter have to go faster than Clarkson who is driving some supercar. For instance, Clarkson drove an Aston Martin DB9 from the Top Gear base in England to Monaco, while May and Hammond were taking the train; Clarkson arrived first. Another time he headed for the Magnetic North Pole driving an equipped Toyota pickup truck, racing against Hammond who used a dog sled. Once again Clarkson won, incidentally becoming the first man to reach the Magnetic North Pole with a car.



Of course Top Gear is not Jeremy Clarkson's only occupation: he married his agent in 1993 and got three children. In 1994 he created Top Gear Magazine, for which he regularly writes columns and reviews – most of which are collected and published as books later on. In the 1990s he took part in several other programmes such as the UK version of Robot Wars, he was the advocate of engineer Brunel for 100 Greatest Britons, and was was invited to many popular programmes like Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, Parkinson, Grumpy Old Men – Clarkson is precisely the epitome of a grumpy old man – and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. He also presented Top Gear specials (e.g. Jeremy Clarkson Meets The Neighbours and Apocalypse Clarkson) and his own chat show, Clarkson, between 1998 and 2000. He also presented several programmes about great engineering inventions and military deeds, such as Jeremy Clarkson: Greatest Raid of All Time, a documentary about a raid in Saint-Nazaire during WWII). In 2007 he was awarded the National Television Awards’ Special Recognition Award.

PS. Do not forget to browse through the Top Gear website and have a go at the 'Stupidly hard quiz'.
PPS. Most of the hyperlinks will redirect you to a YouTube video.

John Cleese

John Cleese was born on 27 October 1939 in Weston-super-Mare (England). Despite his humble origins, Cleese was educated at private schools. He studied law at Cambridge University, where he met Graham Chapman, a future Monty Python partner, while playing in the Footlights Dramatic Club in the early 1960s. He acted in several plays and moved to New York, where he met Terry Gilliam and Connie Booth, whom he would marry later. In 1965 he wrote and starred in I’m sorry, I’ll read that again, a BBC radio show, and The Frost Report, a satirical television show where he met Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin..

Together with these three, as well as Gilliam and Chapman, he created the Monty Python's Flying Circus in 1969. This comedy sketch show ran for 45 episodes over four series, featuring scenes that have become very popular, such as The Ministry of Silly Walks, The Funniest Joke in the World and The Dead Parrot. Two extra episodes were made for German television, Monty Python's Fliegender Zirkus.



The show ended in 1974, because John Cleese had decided to leave the show after the third series, feeling that the scripts had declined in quality. However, he remained part of the Pythons as he co-wrote and co-starred in their three films: Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975), Monty Python’s Life of Brian (1979) and Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1983).

Here is a famous scene from Holy Grail, "French Taunting":



He also took part in Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl (1982), a recorded performance of many of the Pythons' successful sketches.



Meanwhile, he played the role he is most known for: Basil Fawlty, the sharp-tongued, grumpy owner of a seaside hotel in the series called Fawlty Towers. He co-starred with Prunella Scales (as Basil’s wife, Sybil), Connie Booth (as the maid Polly) and Andrew Sachs (as the clumsy waiter Manuel). The series aired in 1975 and 1979, with only twelve episodes made in order not to compromise the quality of the show, but the episodes were so hilarious that they have had a lasting success up to now.



After that, John Cleese made a guest appearance in an episode of The Muppet Show and acted in some plays, for instance as Petruchio in Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew. In 1988 he wrote and played the lead part in A Fish Called Wanda. A year later, when Graham Chapman died of throat cancer, he was 'the first person ever at a British memorial service to say "fuck"', he claims.



His film career went on, most notably playing Nearly Headless Nick in the first two Harry Potter movies, ‘Q’ in two Bond movies (The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day), and Princess Fiona’s father in Shrek 2 and Shrek the Third . More recently he appeared in some commercials, lent his voice to several computer games and even has a podcast. John Cleese is to be remembered for his use of slapstick comedy, but also of ironical and cynical humour.

Martin Cugnon & Simon Labate

Ben Elton

Ben Elton was born in London in 1959. He comes from a distinguished academic family. He studied at Godalming Grammar School in Surrey before joining amateur dramatic societies. At 15 he wrote his first play. He entered Manchester University in 1977 to study drama. It was there that he met Rik Mayall and Adrian Edmondson. He graduated in 1980 and soon started on his career as a stand-up comedian and shortly after as a comedy writer. Ben Elton’s wife, Sophie Gare, is an Australian saxophonist with whom he has three children. He has recently received dual citizenship with Australia.

Ben Elton is a very polyvalent artist. He is well-known in many different fields but he especially achieved popularity thanks to his television shows. In 1980 he wrote the sketch show Alfresco in which he occasionally appeared. Alfresco was followed by many other shows, such as The Young Ones (1984), Happy Families (1985), The Thin Blue Line (1996) starring Rowan Atkinson, The Ben Elton Show (1998) and more recently Get a Grip in 2007.

Simultaneously he began writing novels and plays, including among others Stark (1989), Gridlock (1991), This Other Eden (1993), Popcorn (1996), Blast from the Past (1998) and Inconceivable (1999). In 2000 the latter was made into a film called Maybe Baby, which was directed by Elton himself.



He also performed two of his plays on stage, namely Popcorn and Blast from the Past. He confirmed his success with the creation of two musicals: The beautiful game and We will rock you. Elton has won several awards. His novel Popcorn received the Great Britain Gold Dagger Award from the Crime Writers' Association, and its theatre adaptation won the TMA Barclays Theatre Award for best new play and the Olivier Award for best comedy. Ben Elton was also made a Companion of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts in 2007.

To conclude we can say that Ben Elton has been a central figure in the comedy scene in Britain since the 1980s. He achieved success in television as well as in theatre, novel writing, and musicals. He is a worldwide known comedy writer and performer. Several of his works have been translated in many languages. Besides, his earlier novels contain political messages and more recently, social critiques.

Marie Marchand & Hélène Vancompernolle.

Fry and Laurie

Fry and Laurie... Each of these names is synonymous with talents in writing, acting and above all triggering hearty laughs. They are now famous for their individual artistic achievements, but it is together that they first managed to reach celebrity and become a reference in British humour.
Stephen Fry was born on the 24th of August 1957. Two years later, on the 11th of June, the one who he would later affectionately call “M’colleague”, namely Hugh Laurie, came to the world. They didn’t know it yet, but these two men were going to become one of Britain’s best-known and loved comedy double acts.
They actually met at Cambridge University in 1980 where they joined the Footlights (an amateur theatrical club in Cambridge in which many British comedians started their career). They were introduced to one another by Emma Thompson and immediately got on well thanks to their shared sense of humour. They soon began writing together for Footlights revue. The outcome of their work, “The cellar tapes”, won the first Perrier Award in 1981. This marks the starting point of a successful series of collaborations, mainly in the 1980’s and 1990’s.
Their talent was soon revealed to the whole country thanks to their TV shows. The most famous being the “Blackadder” series, “A bit of Fry and Laurie” and “Jeeves and Wooster”. In these projects, and in others as well, Fry and Laurie have had some recurrent collaborators such as Rowan Atkinson, Ben Elton, Robbie Coltrane, Tony Slattery and Emma Thompson.
More than professional contacts, Fry and Laurie have developed a true and long-lasting friendship which is obvious on screen. They bring their personal touch to their sketches and end up with a unique mix of all kinds of subtle wordplays and insinuations, political comments, funny musical interludes and comedic talent.
Their respective schedules being very busy, a new collaboration presently seems unlikely. But the two “colleagues” keep in touch and we hope to see them together again very soon!

Reeves and Mortimer

Reeves and Mortimer is the name of a British comedy double act. The particular relationship between the two persons and their opposite personalities constitute the main sources of humour.
An unfortunate event is at the origin of the creation of the duo. Indeed, following a sentimental deception, Bob Mortimer was convinced to go and see a show in a tavern performed by a comedian known as Vic Reeves. Afterwards, they were introduced and they began to write together for Reeves’ next show. Their partnership revealed to be successful and in 1989 they made their first television pilot together named Vic Reeves Big Night Out. The show consisted of two series. Each episode lasted 25 minutes and presented a parody of the different variety shows which dominated television’s early years.

Their collaboration has also led to Shooting Stars in 1995, a comedy panel gameshow which ended in 2003. This was originally a show in which teams of celebrities played against each other but in the instance of Shooting Stars it resembles a parody. From January 2008 onwards, the show is being broadcast again on the UK digital channel Challenge.
They also wrote a TV sketch called The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer and regarded it as the highest point of their TV work. The first series appeared in 1993. Each programme was dintroduced by Patrick Allen before the well-known duo appeared. They mainly sang songs, told silly jokes, parodied programmes famous at that time such as Food & Drink and advertised their own products. The second series only came out in 1995 with a few changes to the first one. Namely, the duo did not advertise their products themselves anymore and the atmosphere of the show was less bizarre than earlier.



In 2003, Mortimer and Reeves were considered by The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy.
Last month, they announced that they were working on a new series.

Ricky Gervais

The name of Ricky Dene Gervais (born on 25th June 1961) may not immediately ring a bell in Belgium but in the UK, he's considered as one of the greatest modern comedians. He’s a much celebrated actor and writer for television and film productions. What is that makes this triple Golden Globe-, double Emmy- and seven-time BAFTA award-winner such a hit with his public?
In his final year at the University College of London, he formed a duet called Seona Dancing. Two of their singles were released but unfortunately without any success.
He started working as an event manager for the UCL before joining XMF, a then small, unlicensed radio station. While working at XMF he met Stephen Merchant with whom he later on co-wrote and co-directed « The Office » and « Extras ».
Ricky started his tv career in 1998 with the « 11 O'clock Show ». Two years later he already hosted his own comedy chat show, « Meet Ricky Gervais ». But again it was poorly received and rightly so, because it has been mocked by Gervais himself on several occasions.
Ricky Gervais’ real breakthrough came in 2001 when one of his most successful sitcoms, i.e “The Office”, was first aired in the UK. The response was enormous and the show received award after award. “The Office” is said to have changed the face of British television comedy. Gervais plays the role of David Brent, a middle-manager followed by cameras during his daily routine. In fact it is a mock-documentary. One of the highlights of the show is the legendary « David Brent dance ».

His second very popular sitcom is « Extras », which is a kind of play within a play.
Indeed, « Extras » consists in having a visit backstage, where one can see the set and the actors talking with each other. But what one doesn’t know is that those backstage scenes are still being played, which is of course the entire point of the sitcom!
One of the reasons why « Extras » has become such a hit is because each episode features a guest star who plays a “twisted”, exaggerated version of himself! For example, the first « Extras », which aired on 21st July 2005, starred Ben Stiller, who played a self-centred director. Other famous stars who appeared on it are Kate Winslet, Daniel Radcliffe, Orlando Bloom, David Bowie, Robert de Niro, Jonathan Ross, and Clive Owen.

And last but not least, Ricky is the first British person to have written and starred in an episode of the Simpsons.
He also gave his voice to « Bugsy » in the animation film “Valiant” and even appeared in the film « Night at the Museum » as the museum director.

Joyce Aerts & Marie Boueyrie.

French and Saunders

Jennifer Saunders and Dawn French: maybe you don’t know these names but most British people do. Indeed, their sketch comedy television show has been on air for more than twenty years, making them one of the most popular comic duets in the UK.

The two women met at the Central School of Speech and Drama in 1978 and started to work together with other comedians of the so-called The Comic Strip, such as Adrian Edmonson (Saunder’s husband) and Peter Richardson. The group had its first experience on television in 1982 in the comedy programme called The Comic Strip Presents.... Later, the duet appeared on its own in the programmes The Tube, Girls On Top and Comic Relief.

French and Saunders was launched in 1987, and even though the show was not immediately successful, it didn’t take a long time for it to become a classic. The initial budget was rather low, but as the success grew, their projects became more and more ambitious.

The show, which is still aired and includes six series up to now, presents the two female comedians making parodies of famous movies and singers (Madonna being one of their favourites). Some of their most memorable sketches include that of two leeches excited about women and miming the sexual act, as well as their spoofs of The Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter and Star Wars.

Even if they have both had several individual projects since 1987, the show hasn’t lost its popularity and success; one piece of evidence of this is the tour which is scheduled for 2008.

Bruno and Quentin

"Stone me, what a life!"

Anthony John Hancock was born in 1924, in Hall Green, Birmingham, England. At the age of 3, he moved to Bournemouth where his father ran a hotel and worked as a comedian and entertainer.
Tony Hancock left school when he was 15. In 1942, he joined the RAF Regiment and began to work for The Ralph Reader Gang Show.

After the war, he worked for some variety programmes on the radio, namely Workers’ Playtime and Variety Bandbox. He achieved wider recognition in 1951 while acting in Kaleidoscope and in Educating Archie, a very successful comedy show featuring the ventriloquist Peter Brough and his dummy Archie Andrews. In 1954, he was given his own radio show, Hancock’s Half Hour.

Rejecting the dominant variety of British radio, Hancock’s Half Hour pioneered the situation comedy. It uses character and situation-based humour, the situations being close to everyday life. This series was very successful and even broadcast on television in 1956. While radio and television versions alternated, Hancock created an independent series, The Tony Hancock Show, for which only Sid James was retained from the original cast.

This actor is responsible for the transfer of the show to television. He played the role of the realist man in his duo with Hancock, the loser with an exasperated voice and an expressive face. The credulity of Hancock is often exploited by James but there is an authentic friendship between the two characters in the television version.

After a car accident, Hancock was unable to learn his lines for the next episode of The Blood Donor. As a result, everything had to be recorded in advance, Hancock reading the text from Teleprompters. Hancock’s programmes were the first pre-recorded British programmes, which frightened the executives of the BBC but has now become common practice. Thus, Hancock’s shows changed the way comedy was made. Moreover he was the first artist to be paid more than 1000£ for a half-hour programme.

Despite the fact that he was a great comedic actor, Hancock had always been highly self-critical, and it is said that his self-doubt led him to self destructiveness. During his life, he never stopped searching for the meaning of life, reading many classic novels, as well as philosophical and political books. Describing life as ‘pointless’, he sank into alcoholic depression.

His turbulent relationships with women never helped him to compose his thoughts. He married his first wife in 1950 but they divorced in 1965, after many years of conjugal violence and alcoholism. The same year, Hancock married his mistress (with whom he also was violent) but their marriage was short-lived and Hancock took a new mistress. His second wife tried to commit suicide in 1966. For Hancock, it was as if she had tried to destroy his career and they finally divorced in 1968. A few days later, whilst Hancock was in Australia working on a television comedy series, he committed suicide. He was 44.

The following sketch, Scene in a flat, is part of The Final Series, Australia 1968:

"Sex" and "obscenity" are not synonymous... (Lenny Bruce)

Born in New-York in 1925 as Leonard Alfred Schneider, Lenny Bruce had a chaotic youth (divorced parents, upbringing by various relatives, etc). During World War II, he joined the U.S. Navy at the age of 17 until 1946, when he was discharged.
He went to Hollywood to study acting and decided to change his name to Bruce.

He soon appeared on The Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts Show, where he drew national attention with his daring style of satire.
This American stand-up comedian and brilliant satirist of inimitable frankness aroused much controversy, but at the same time he won an admiring audience. The black humour of his improvised shows often overstepped the boundaries of what was considered in those years respectable.

One of his quotes: " You can't put tits and ass on the marquee!...Why not?...Because it's dirty and vulgar, that's why not!... Titties are dirty and vulgar?...Okay, we'll compromise. How about Latin? Gluteus maximus, pectoralis majors nightly...That's alright, that's clean, class with ass, I'll buy it...Clean to you, schmuck, but dirty to the Latins! "
(in The Carnegie Hall Concert 1961)

His performances and his daring way of breaking rules paved the way for comedians such as George Carlin, Richard Pryor, Robin Williams and Eddie Murphy.

He spoke overtly about themes like racism, sexual fantasies, politics, drugs, Jewish- Christian tensions (he was himself a Jew), moral philosophy, patriotism and abortion.

The fifties was the breakthrough decade for Bruce. It was also the time of his wedding with a striptease dancer (Hot Honey Harlowe, pseudonym of Harriett Jolliff), of the birth of their child Kitty and of their divorce a few years later.

Bruce worked in Hollywood at night-clubs and on a local television show. He appeared once on The Steve Allen Show.

During the sixties, he was arrested and imprisoned several times on grounds of obscenity. Due to this, some nightclub owners refused to let him perform on their premises.

He wrote an autobiography with the help of Hugh Hefner called How to talk dirty and influence people in 1963, which was first published in Playboy and then as a book.

In his later years, Bruce became addicted to heroin and was found guilty of illegal possession of drugs. Bruce fell on his own morphine needle in 1966 and died in his home on Hollywood Boulevard. He was 40 years old.

His life inspired not only a playwright (Julian Barry), but also singers (Simon and Garfunkel, Bob Dylan, John Lennon, Keith Richards, etc) and a film director (Bob Fosse).

With his film Lenny, Fosse portrayed him as a martyr of freedom of speech. The main role was played by Dustin Hoffman.

Céline & Louise

Bill Bailey

Bill Bailey was born on 24th February 1964 in Somerset. He’s a comedian, musician and actor well known for his stand up comedy.
He first began collaborating with other comedians such as Mark Lamarr, Toby Longworth and Martin Stubles. Afterwards, Bailey developed his own style, mixing in musical parodies with deconstructions of or variations on traditional jokes.
As an actor, he appeared in 1991 in stand up shows such as “The Happening”, “Packing them in”, but also on two panel games, an ITV quiz pilot called “Pop Dogs” and the poorly received Channel 4 science-fiction quiz show called “Space cadets”. In 1998, the BBC gave him his own television show “Is it Bill Bailey?”: a mixture of musical parodies, surreal sketches and extended monologues on subjects such as the fine line between genius and madness. He has recently appeared in the second series of the E4 teenage dramedy, “Skins”. Let’s have a look at his talent:

What’s more, he’s also a talented pianist and guitarist. In his stand up routines, he features music from genres such as jazz, rock and classical, usually for its comic value. He was also part of punk band Beergut 100, which he founded in 1995 with comedy writer Jim Miller, which also featured Martin Trenaman and Phil Welans, with Kevin Eldon as lead singer. Since the beginning of the year, Bailey has appeared in a new series of Never Mind the “Buzzcocks”, starred in “Pinter’s People”: a special concert for Comic Relief.

To sum up, Bill Bailey is an eclectic artist known for his eccentric style and who’s definitely an emblematic figure in British humour.

Ludivine & Nolan

The Big Yin

Billy Connolly, nicknamed The Big Yin (the big one in Scottish), was born in Glasgow on 24^th November in 1942. At the age of four his mother abandoned him and his sister, their father being at the war. Both of them were brought up by their two aunts. When he was 12, Billy decided to become a comedian but felt that he would never make it. Instead, he decided to leave school in 1957 to become a welder. Billy Connolly was married twice and has five children.

His career began in the sixties. From 1965 onwards he focused on being a folk singer and in the mid sixties the Humblebums, his folk pop duo with Tam Harvey was created. After their first album First Collection of Merry Melodies, Tam Harvey decided to leave the group and was replaced by Gerry Rafferty. In 1970 the band split up and Billy Connolly began a solo career.

Initially a folk singer, his songs were characterized by a humoristic introduction explaining why Net Joseph, the head of Transatlantic Records, told him that he should give up folk singing to become a comedian. He gave his first solo concert in 1971 and his first solo album Billy Connolly Live, produced by Joseph, came out in 1972 mixing comic songs and short monologues.

In the seventies his parody of Tammy Winette’s D.I.V.O.R.C.E. was a great success.

In the eighties he completed several tours in Australia, New-Zealand, Ireland and Canada. In 1990 he acted in the American sitcom Head of the class. Following this sitcom, he took part in The Bigger Picture, a very popular series in the nineties. It was a “world tour” of Scotland to describe his home land. He also worked as a comedian and as an actor. In 1999 and 2000 he went on tours in Australia, New-Zealand and Canada. In 2001 he was awarded an honorary doctorate of letters in the University of Glasgow. He finally performed four days in the States in 2005.

As a conclusion we can say that Billy Connolly is a very popular folk singer, stand-up comedian and film actor in Scotland but also in the English-speaking world. Here follows his famous satire of the British anthem.

The Two Ronnies, a pair of fun-loving characters

When you think of famous British humorists, the names coming to your mind will probably be 'Monty Python', 'Fry and Laurie' or 'Benny Hill', but the most prominent of them are certainly 'The Two Ronnies', which featured Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett. Their sketches aired on BBC 1 for 17 years, which made them one of the most long-running comedy shows ever made in the British Broadcasting Corporation. Nevertheless, the two Ronnies are also certainly one of the most successful programmes, reaching at its peak an average of 17 million viewers a show.

When the two Ronnies met for the first time at the Buckstone Club in The Haymarket, they were certainly unaware of their prospective success as a comic pair. Their first breakthrough as humorists came by chance when they were performing sketches during a technical hitch at an awards ceremony. People were impressed by their talent which gave rise to their own show on the BBC.

Their show is a series of comic sketches in which Barker and Corbett appeared either separately or together. Often they added on other programmes such as sketches from other comics and the well-known monologue of Ronnie Corbett. Moreover, the sketches were written by Barker, sometimes under the pseudonym of Gerard Wiley, which always revolved around wordplay, parodies of official figures along with eccentric ones and sometimes sexual jokes.

The success of The Two Ronnies is due to several features, which soon became a tradition. First, there is the established serial story progressing through six main stories in which the two Ronnies sometimes played the comic detective characters « Piggy Malone » (Barker) and « Charley Farley » (Corbett). Among the best-known tales, we have The Phantom Raspberry Blower of Old London Town, and The Worm That Turned which is a dystopia featuring women ruling England and men being housekeepers as well as The Two Ronnies Present.
Second, the traditional elaborate musical fragment in which the Two Ronnies sang songs in a special style like a barbershop or the music hall while the original words of the songs were modified to give a comic situation.
Finally, the show always opened and closed at a news desk where the Two Ronnies played newsreaders introducing their own sketches. The end of the show was characterized by the famous catchphrase:

Corbett: So it's "Goodnight" from me.
Barker: And it's "Goodnight" from him.
Both: Goodnight!

The most popular sketches of The Two Ronnies include « Four Candles », based on the confusion between four candles and fork handles, « Mastermind », where Barker answered the question before it was asked by Corbett and last but not least, the optician sketch where both the optician and his customer have glasses which are not suited to them.

Two other popular sketches are 'The Swear Box' where both Barker and Corbett only say swear words and insults and 'Hieroglyphics' in which they are interpreted in a rather weird way.

Benjamin Briot & Ana-Alicia Lamontagne

Morecambe and Wise

Morecambe and Wise were very popular British humorists in the 1950s up to the 1980s.
Ernest Wiseman - his stage name being Ernie Wise - was born in Yorkshire, England, in November 1925. Since he was a child, he sang with his father, a semi-professional singer. As a teenager, Ernie was already an actor and a singer in music halls. In 1939, he took part in an audition with Jack Hylton and had the opportunity to meet Eric Morecambe.

John Eric Bartholomew was born in Lancashire, England, in 1926. He is best-known under the name of Eric Morecambe, Morecambe being the name of his home town. He won a lot of talent contests. One of them enabled him to take part in the same audition as Wiseman. It was the first time they met. Only two years later, they decided to create a comedy duo. However, they had to split up because of World War II. Afterwards, Morecambe and Wise came in contact again to appear regularly first in music halls, then on the radio. In 1954, they made their first television series which was a real failure. After several years of hard work, the public and the different television channels recognised their talent. They became one of the most famous British comic double acts. Over the years, Morecambe had several heart attacks, due to stress, pressure, cigarettes and finally died in 1984. Eric outlived him, but died in 1999.






They first wrote their scenes on their own, but towards the end of their career, Eddie Braben, a script writer, joined them. They were called “The Golden Triangle”. In their sketches, Morecambe played the funny guy, making blunders and being child-like, whereas Wise was the straight man, selfish and naïve. What made people laugh was the fact that they made fun of themselves and also humiliated celebrities (such as Elton John, The Beatles,…) who took part in their shows. The comedy duo revisited the famous Singin’ in the rain as well. Their most popular sketches are The Stripper and Grieg’s piano concerto. During the Chirstmas period (usually, on Christmas day), they performed a special Christmas Show which was as popular as the Queen’s traditional speech. The duo is also known for its films, for instance The Intelligence Men (1965), That Riviera Touch (1966) or Night Train To Murder (1983).




In spite of their death, Morecambe and Wise’s success hasn’t disappeared. Indeed, the UK’s general public has elected them 2nd TV Greatest Stars in 2006.


Anne-Sophie Dessouroux
Aurélie Lhoas

It's keywords & icons time again

The latest instalment of what is developing into a series of online conferences on keywords and icons of anglophone cultures has been taking shape on this blog over the past few days (see also the announcements of the first and second instalments in the series). Topics this time round included

• for the United Kingdom and Ireland: Rolls Royce, The Women's Institute, Jeremy Paxman, and Baileys;
• for the United States of America and Canada: John D Rockefeller Sr, Sunset Boulevard, Chevrolet Corvette, and poutine;
• for Australia and New Zealand: Clive James, The Flying Doctors, Ned Kelly, and Edmund Hillary.

Offline student conference

As a companion to the online conference, BA3 students will be presenting the results of their research in short presentations on Monday 17 March between 3 and 5 pm. Click on the poster to see a bigger image.

The Flying Doctors

The flying doctors is an Australian drama series based on the everyday interventions of the RFDS, which stands for Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. This service provides health care and emergency assistance to the people living in the Outback (understand the remote areas of Australia).It was created in 1928 by Reverend John Flynn , an Australian priest who deplored the lack of medical help for the sick and injured of the Outback.

Although he was tipped off by a soldier (who unfortunately did not witness the institution grown out of his original idea, as he was KIA in France in 1918), it was him who developed the necessary means for the project to take form. Indeed, he combined medicine with two budding technologies, namely the radio (replacing the then most common way of communicating: the telegraph) and the aircraft. This resulted in the first air ambulance service in the world. According to recent statistics, the RFDS helps on average 600 patients each day, its 50 aircraft covering 45.000 km per day. And all of that for free, since it is a not-for-profit organization. That is why the first few decades were tough, financially speaking, and the service relied heavily on volunteer support and donations. The government also gave Flynn’s people a helping hand from time to time, but not until the 1960’s did it become an established practice. Not surprisingly, it is around that time that the RFDS began to purchase its own equipment and to employ its own pilots and engineers, eventually becoming this much respected Australian icon (which, as the smart ones among us will have noticed, celebrated its 80th anniversary this year).

Anyway, to return to our muttons, it is the series we are talking about. The flying doctors is actually the informal name given to the members of the RFDS, and as has been said above, it basically revolves around the everyday missions of the Australian medical service, only much more romanticised (after all, love stories between doctors do not exclusively happen in House MD ). The programme ran from 1986 to 1993, with an effort to revive the declining ratings in that last year, in vain. However, it was quite successful during those seven years, its 221 episodes having been broadcast in over 50 countries. And more importantly, it also helped popularising the real RFDS, which resulted in an upsurge in donations to this worthy organisation.

Sybille & Pitchou

John Davison Rockefeller

John Davison Rockefeller, born in 1839 in New York, managed to fulfil his childhood dreams, namely, to become a wealthy and philanthropic man. Indeed, when he was sixteen he already promised to give 1/10 of his fortune to charity. In 1873 he founded the Standard Oil of Ohio which encountered an immediate success and became one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the United States. As time went by the company absorbed the majority of his competitors so that it gained almost complete control of oil production in the United States. In 1882, he set up the Standard Oil Trust which was one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations. This multinational brought advantage to people: kerosene products were cheaper, of better quality and more available. But it should be noted that his policy was also criticized by journalists and politicians and as a consequence of the various press campaigns against him he became one of America's most hated men. He remained at the head of the Standard Oil Company until 1911 which also corresponds to the date of the multinational’s dissolution. He ended his career with a fortune estimated to $900 million.

Aside from his career as a leader of the petroleum industry he devoted his time to philanthropy. His donations and his organization (General Education Board) were aimed at promoting education at all levels everywhere in the country. He also founded the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research which later became the Rockefeller University. More generally the main objectives of his foundations were to support public health, medical training and the arts.

To conclude, John Rockefeller had two great ambitions, namely, to reach a fortune of $100,000 and live until his 100th birthday. It would be an understatement to say that his first wish came true since he died with a fortune estimated at 1.4 billion dollars which made him one of the wealthiest men in the world. As for his second wish only three years were missing because he died in 1937. John Rockefeller is a perfect illustration of the American dream. Indeed he belonged to the working class but managed to reach a place among the icons of the United States.

Cindy & Jonathan

Clive James

Clive James is a versatile Australian cultural icon who is born in Sydney in 1939. He studied in Sydney and became literary editor for the student newspaper Honi Soit. After his graduation he worked one year as assistant editor of the magazine page of the Sydney Morning Herald.

In 1961 he moved to England. In London he shared a flat with Bruce Beresford. Three years later he managed to enter Cambridge University where he read English literature. During that period he also became president of the Footlights and wrote lyrics with Pete Atkin, who was also involved in the Footlights. Clive James received a second degree and wrote a PhD on Percy Bysshe Shelley.

From 1972 to 1982 he worked as a television reviewer for The Observer and wrote his weekly column. Next to that he also performed on television in programmes like the Granada Television pop music show and Clive James on TV. He got more and more attention of periodicals such as The Listener and the New Statesman and he was nicknamed after his first book: The Metropolitan Critic. In the same period he wrote Peregrine Prykke's Pilgrimage through the London Literary World.

In 1979 he wrote the first volume of his autobiography: Unreliable memoirs which was reprinted about 60 times. It was soon followed by three other volumes: Falling towards England, May week was in June and North face of Soho. Each volume represents a particular periods of James’ life; the first part is about is upbringing in Australia, the second is about his moving to England, the third is about his life at Cambridge University and the last volume is about the period between his stay at Cambridge University and today.

In addition to this he also wrote novels (e.g. The silver castle), and poetry (e.g. The book of my enemy). He also was interested in travel writing and introduced the postcard style on television. At the same time he wrote series like Fame in the 20th Century which was distributed in most of the English speaking world (through BBC, ABC and PBS network). In 2007 he presented the BBC radio programme Point of View and now he concentrates on the development of his personal website.

A sweet creamy drink galvanized by whiskey taste…

Baileys is the first liqueur to blend cream and whiskey. It combines two Irish traditions: dairy farming and distilling.
It was in 1972 that R. & A. Bailey from Gilbeys of Ireland had this revolutionary idea. However, they were impeded in their endeavour since cream and whiskey do not mix naturally. But the recipe was perfected and Baileys was finally launched in 1974 by Gilbeys of Ireland. Diageo, that now owns the trademark, argues that the unique and smooth taste of Baileys Original Irish Cream is fundamental to its success.

Baileys has become extremely popular since it was introduced. The production of 2005 has reached 6,7 million 9 litres cases. In addition, Baileys is sold in 130 countries and 2,260 glasses are drunk every minute of every day. This widespread popularity is mostly due to the large promotion attached to the brand. Indeed, strong investments are made in advertising. At the moment, the campaign of Lewis and Kelly is being broadcast around the world. It shows the couple on different occasions enjoying Baileys with friends.

What is the secret of Baileys’ delicious taste?
Baileys is a liqueur which combines Irish cream and whiskey. The milk used to make this cream is preciously selected from specially chosen Irish farms sheltering somewhat 40,000 cows. These cows are kept outdoors, where they enjoy the fresh air for nine months of the year and are fed with the green and fine grass found almost everywhere in Ireland.
The second essential ingredient of Baileys, the whiskey, was discovered by the monks almost 10,000 years ago. Not surprisingly Ireland was the first country getting the licence to distil whiskey in 1608.
To prevent the separation of whiskey and cream during storage, Baileys makers use an emulsifier containing refined vegetable oil. During the process of emulsion, cream and whiskey are mixed: one substance is dispersed in the other.
The last step in order to get the original taste of Baileys is to mix chocolate flavour, caramel and sugar with the cream and the whiskey. The exact quantities of these three additional ingredients are kept secretly.
The drink has a shelf life of 24 months: the whiskey alone is sufficient to preserve the cream.

How to serve Baileys?
The Irish cream can of course be drunk by itself; but there are more fancy ways to appreciate the drink. Blended Baileys, Baileys Latte, Baileys Over ice and Baileys Shaken with ice are easy to prepare and can be served and enjoyed at every moment of the day.
Finally, remember to drink Baileys responsibly since it has an alcohol percentage of 17 %.

Marie- Amélie and Julie